Morto de Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler estis germana politikisto kaj la estro de la Nazia Partio, Kanceliero de Germanio de 1933 ĝis 1945, kaj Führer ("Estro") de Nazia Germanio de 1934 ĝis 1945. Li mortigis sin mem per pafo la 30an de Aprilo 1945 en sia rifuĝejo Führerbunker en Berlino.^[1]^[2]^[3] Ankaŭ Eva Braun, lia edzino de antaŭ unu tago, memortigis sin per engluto de cianido.^[4] Laŭ la kaj verkitaj kaj parolaj instrukcioj lasitaj de Hitlero, tiun vesperon iliaj restaĵoj estis forportitaj tra la porurĝaj ŝtuparoj de la bunkro, trempitaj en petrolo, kaj bruligitaj en la Regna Kancelierejo ekster la bunkro.^[5]^[6] Registroj en la Sovetuniaj arkivoj montris, ke iliaj bruligitaj restaĵoj estis rekuperitaj kaj enterigitaj en sinsekvaj lokoj ĝis 1946.^[7] En 1970, ili estis denove elterigitaj, kremaciitaj kaj la cindroj estis disigitaj.^[8]

Rakontoj diferencas pri la kaŭzo de la morto; unu versio asertas, ke li mortis nur pro veneno^[9] kaj alia versio postulis, ke li mortis pro memfarita pafo dum li formordis cianidujon.^[10] Nuntempaj historiistoj malakceptis tiujn rakontojn kiel el soveta propagando^[11]^[12] aŭ el intenca kompromito por rekunigi la diferencajn konkludojn.^[13]^[14] Unu atestanto asertis, ke la kadavro de Hitlero montris signojn de pafo trabuŝa, sed tio malverŝajne estis pruvita.^[15]^[16] Dentaj restaĵoj trovitaj en la kadavro de Hitlero estis kongruigitaj kun liaj dentaj informoj de 1945.^[17]^[18] En 2009, usonaj esploristoj faris DNA analizon al kraniero kiu laŭ sovetaj funkciuloj estis de Hitlero.^[19]^[20] La DNA analizo kaj posta ekzamenado indikis, ke ĝi apartenis al virino malpli ol 40-jaraĝa.^[21]^[22]

Pro politikaj tialoj, Sovetunio prezentis variajn versiojn pri la sorto de Hitlero.^[23]^[24] En la jaroj tuj post la milito, la sovetoj defendis, ke Hitlero ne estis mortinta, sed male li estis fuĝinta kaj estis protektita de iliaj iamaj Okcidentaj Aliancanoj.^[23]

Notoj

↑ "... Günsche stated he entered the study to inspect the bodies, and observed Hitler ... sat ... sunken over, with blood dripping out of his right temple. He had shot himself with his own pistol, a PPK 7.65." (Fischer 2008, p. 47).
↑ "... blood dripped from a bullet hole in his right temple ..." (Kershaw 2008, p. 955).
↑ "... 30 April ... During the afternoon Hitler shot himself..." (MI5 staff 2011).
↑ "... her lips puckered from the poison." (Beevor 2002, p. 359).
↑ Kershaw 2008, pp. 954, 956.
↑ Linge 2009, pp. 199, 200.
↑ "... [the bodies] were deposited ... in an unmarked grave in a forest far to the west of Berlin, reburied in 1946 in a plot of land in Magdeburg." (Kershaw 2008, p. 958).
↑ "In 1970, the Kremlin finally decided to dispose of the body in absolute secrecy... the body, which had been concealed beneath a Soviet army parade-ground in Magdeburg, was exhumed at night and burned." (Beevor 2002, p. 431).
↑ "... both committing suicide by biting their cyanide ampoules." (Erickson 1983, p. 606).
↑ "... we have a fair answer ... to the version of ... Russian author Lev Bezymenski ... Hitler did shoot himself and did bite into the cyanide capsule, just as Professor Haase had clearly and repeatedly instructed ... " (O'Donnell 2001, pp. 322–323).
↑ "New versions of Hitler's fate were presented by the Soviet Union according to the political needs of the moment." (Eberle & Uhl 2005, p. 288).
↑ "The intentionally misleading account of Hitler's death by cyanide poisoning put about by Soviet historians ... can be dismissed." (Kershaw 2001, p. 1037).
↑ (Erickson 1983, p. 606)
↑ "... most Soviet accounts have held that Hitler also [Hitler and Eva Braun] ended his life by poison ... there are contradictions in the Soviet story ... these contradictions tend to indicate that the Soviet version of Hitler's suicide has a political colouration." (Fest 1974, p. 749).
↑ "Axmann elaborated on his testimony when questioned about his "assumption" that Hitler had shot himself through the mouth."(Joachimsthaler 1999, p. 157).
↑ "... the version involving a 'shot in the mouth' with secondary injuries to the temples must be rejected ... the majority of witnesses saw an entry wound in the temple.. according to all witnesses there was no injury to the back of the head." (Joachimsthaler 1999, p. 166).
↑ Lusher 2018.
↑ "... the only thing to remain of Hitler was a gold bridge with porcelain facets from his upper jaw and the lower jawbone with some teeth and two bridges." (Joachimsthaler 1999, p. 225).
↑ "Hitler's jaws ... had been retained by SMERSH, while the NKVD kept the cranium." (Beevor 2002, p. 431).
↑ "Deep in the Lubyanka, headquarters of Russia's secret police, a fragment of Hitler's jaw is preserved... A fragment of skull with a bullet hole lies in the State Archive". (Halpin & Boyes 2009).
↑ Goñi 2009.
↑ CNN staff 2009.
↑ ^23,0 ^23,1 Eberle & Uhl 2005, p. 288.
↑ Kershaw 2001, p. 1037.

Bibliografio

Beevor, Antony (2002). Berlin – The Downfall 1945. New York: Viking-Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-03041-5.
CNN staff (11a de Decembro 2009). "Russians insist skull fragment is Hitler's". CNN. Alirita la 12an de Decembro 2018.
Eberle, Henrik; Uhl, Matthias, eld. (2005). The Hitler Book: The Secret Dossier Prepared for Stalin from the Interrogations of Hitler's Personal Aides. New York: Public Affairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-366-1.
Erickson, John (1983). The Road to Berlin: Stalin's War with Germany: Volume 2. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-77238-5.
Fest, Joachim C. (1974). Hitler. New York: Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-15-141650-9.
Fischer, Thomas (2008). Soldiers of the Leibstandarte. Winnipeg: J.J. Fedorowicz. ISBN 978-0-921991-91-5.
Goñi, Uki (27a de Septembro 2009). "Tests on skull fragment cast doubt on Adolf Hitler suicide story". The Guardian. London. Alirita la 12an de Decembro 2018.
Halpin, Tony; Boyes, Roger (9a de Decembro 2009). "Battle of Hitler's skull prompts Russia to reveal all". The Times. Arkivita el la originalo en 29a de Junio 2011. Alirita la 12an de Decembro 2018.
Joachimsthaler, Anton (1999) [1995]. The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, The Evidence, The Truth. London: Brockhampton Press. ISBN 978-1-86019-902-8.
Kershaw, Ian (2008). Hitler: A Biography. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-06757-6.
Linge, Heinz (2009). With Hitler to the End. Frontline Books–Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60239-804-7.
Lusher, Adam (20a de Majo 2018). "Adolf Hitler really is dead: scientific study debunks conspiracy theories that he escaped to South America". Independent. Alirita la 12an de Decembro 2018.
MI5 staff (2011). "Hitler's last days". Her Majesty's Security Service website. Alirita la 12an de Decembro 2018.
O'Donnell, James P. (2001) [1978]. The Bunker. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80958-3.

Eksteraj ligiloj

Stanislavo Belov (2019-05-07) Hitler kaputt! (esperante). Blogger. Arkivita el la originalo je 2019-05-14. Alirita 2019-05-14. (artikolo pri la finaj tagoj de la Nazia Germanio, inkluzive la morton de Hitlero)

Kategorio Morto de Adolf Hitler en la Vikimedia Komunejo (Multrimedaj datumoj)

[1] "... Günsche stated he entered the study to inspect the bodies, and observed Hitler ... sat ... sunken over, with blood dripping out of his right temple. He had shot himself with his own pistol, a PPK 7.65." (Fischer 2008, p. 47).

[2] "... blood dripped from a bullet hole in his right temple ..." (Kershaw 2008, p. 955).

[3] "... 30 April ... During the afternoon Hitler shot himself..." (MI5 staff 2011).

[4] "... her lips puckered from the poison." (Beevor 2002, p. 359).

[5] Kershaw 2008, pp. 954, 956.

[6] Linge 2009, pp. 199, 200.

[7] "... [the bodies] were deposited ... in an unmarked grave in a forest far to the west of Berlin, reburied in 1946 in a plot of land in Magdeburg." (Kershaw 2008, p. 958).

[8] "In 1970, the Kremlin finally decided to dispose of the body in absolute secrecy... the body, which had been concealed beneath a Soviet army parade-ground in Magdeburg, was exhumed at night and burned." (Beevor 2002, p. 431).

[9] "... both committing suicide by biting their cyanide ampoules." (Erickson 1983, p. 606).

[10] "... we have a fair answer ... to the version of ... Russian author Lev Bezymenski ... Hitler did shoot himself and did bite into the cyanide capsule, just as Professor Haase had clearly and repeatedly instructed ... " (O'Donnell 2001, pp. 322–323).

[11] "New versions of Hitler's fate were presented by the Soviet Union according to the political needs of the moment." (Eberle & Uhl 2005, p. 288).

[12] "The intentionally misleading account of Hitler's death by cyanide poisoning put about by Soviet historians ... can be dismissed." (Kershaw 2001, p. 1037).

[13] (Erickson 1983, p. 606)

[14] "... most Soviet accounts have held that Hitler also [Hitler and Eva Braun] ended his life by poison ... there are contradictions in the Soviet story ... these contradictions tend to indicate that the Soviet version of Hitler's suicide has a political colouration." (Fest 1974, p. 749).

[15] "Axmann elaborated on his testimony when questioned about his "assumption" that Hitler had shot himself through the mouth."(Joachimsthaler 1999, p. 157).

[16] "... the version involving a 'shot in the mouth' with secondary injuries to the temples must be rejected ... the majority of witnesses saw an entry wound in the temple.. according to all witnesses there was no injury to the back of the head." (Joachimsthaler 1999, p. 166).

[17] Lusher 2018.

[18] "... the only thing to remain of Hitler was a gold bridge with porcelain facets from his upper jaw and the lower jawbone with some teeth and two bridges." (Joachimsthaler 1999, p. 225).

[19] "Hitler's jaws ... had been retained by SMERSH, while the NKVD kept the cranium." (Beevor 2002, p. 431).

[20] "Deep in the Lubyanka, headquarters of Russia's secret police, a fragment of Hitler's jaw is preserved... A fragment of skull with a bullet hole lies in the State Archive". (Halpin & Boyes 2009).

[21] Goñi 2009.

[22] CNN staff 2009.

[Eberle_&_Uhl_2005,_p._288-23] 23,0 ^23,1 Eberle & Uhl 2005, p. 288.

[24] Kershaw 2001, p. 1037.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]